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| Registros recuperados: 50 | |
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| Key, Nigel D.. |
| This study presents evidence that contracting is positively associated with the scale of production for six major U.S. agricultural commodities. Specifically, contract producers tend to operate at a larger scale than do independent producers, and the likelihood of an operation contracting increases with its scale. This relationship is strongest in the cattle and hog sectors, where it persists even among large commercial operations. Six theoretical explanations for the observed correlation between scale and contracting are proposed, including imperfect capital markets, contractor transaction costs, input leverage, grower risk aversion, asset specificity, and technological change. Information from five annual national surveys is used to examine the validity... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31273 |
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| Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.; Ribaudo, Marc. |
| In recent years, structural changes in the hog sector, including increasing farm size and regional shifts in production, have altered manure management practices. Over the same period, changes to the Clean Water Act, new state regulations, and increasing local conflicts over odor have influenced manure management decisions. This study uses data from two national surveys of hog farmers to examine how hog manure management practices vary with the scale of production and how these practices evolved between 1998 and 2004. The findings provide insights into the effects of structural changes and recent policies on manure management technologies and practices, the use of nutrient management plans, and manure application rates. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Hog production; Manure management; Structural change; Environmental regulation; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6071 |
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| McBride, William D.; Key, Nigel D.. |
| Hog production in 2004 was characterized by wide variation in the types, sizes, and economic performance of operations. Operations specializing in a single production phase generated more than three times the product value, on average, of those using the traditional farrow-to-finish approach. Low-cost operations tended to be larger, located in the Heartland, and operated by farmers whose primary occupation was farming. Small and medium operations far outnumbered large and very large operations, but large and very large operations accounted for most of the production. Average production costs declined as the size of the hog operation increased, a result of reduced capital costs and more efficient input use. Hog production was highly concentrated in the... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Swine; Hogs; Hog production; Hog operations; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Production costs; Economies of size; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6385 |
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| Roberts, Michael J.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Key, Nigel D.. |
| This paper presents preliminary evidence on the effect of crop insurance on fertilizer and chemical inputs in agriculture. Our estimates are based on two sources of identification that emerge from a policy change concerning insurance subsidies that approximately doubled total premiums and the share of acres insured. First, we compare per-acre applications on these inputs from the same farms before and after the policy change. Second, we compare farm-level changes in input applications to differential changes in coverage growth induced by the policy change. We are able to make this second comparison because farms in some regions were more heavily insured than others before the policy change so they were not required to increase coverage in order to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21895 |
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| MacDonald, James M.; Perry, Janet E.; Ahearn, Mary Clare; Banker, David E.; Chambers, William; Dimitri, Carolyn; Key, Nigel D.; Nelson, Kenneth E.; Southard, Leland W.. |
| Production and marketing contracts govern 36 percent of the value of U.S. agricultural production, up from 12 percent in 1969. Contracts are now the primary method of handling sales of many livestock commodities, including milk, hogs, and broilers, and of major crops such as sugar beets, fruit, and processing tomatoes. Use of contracts is closely related to farm size; farms with $1 million or more in sales have nearly half their production under contract. For producers, contracting can reduce income risks of price and production variability, ensure market access, and provide higher returns for differentiated farm products. For processors and other buyers, vertical coordination through contracting is a way to ensure the flow of products and to obtain... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34013 |
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| Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.; Mosheim, Roberto. |
| There have been dramatic structural changes in the U.S. hog industry in the last two decades that have coincided with substantial increases in farm productivity. This study used a stochastic frontier analysis to measure TFP growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose the TFP growth into four components: technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. The study finds that productivity gains in the twelve year study period are explained almost entirely by technical progress and by improvements in scale efficiency. The study also disaggregates TFP growth in the Southeast and Heartland to better understand the implications of large spatial shifts in production. Results indicate that regional differences... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21323 |
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| Key, Nigel D.; Roberts, Michael J.. |
| Using a unique farm-level panel data set derived from three U.S. Agricultural Censuses, we estimate a Cox proportional hazard model to examine the effect of direct government payments on the survival of farm businesses, paying particular attention to the differential effect of payments across farm size categories. For identification the study exploits variation in payments resulting from historical differences in 'base acreage' in otherwise similar farms. We find an increase in government payments has a small but statistically significant positive effect on the rate of farm survival, and the magnitude of this effect increases with farm size. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19248 |
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| Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.. |
| Estimating how the use of production contracts affects farm productivity is difficult when unobservable factors are correlated with both the decision to contract and productivity. To account for potential selection bias, this study uses the local availability of production contracts as an instrument for whether a farm uses a contract in order to estimate the impact of contract use on total factor productivity. Results indicate that use of a production contract is associated with a large increase in productivity for feeder-to-finish hog farms in the United States. The instrumental variable method makes it credible to assert that the observed association is a causal relationship rather than simply a correlation. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Production contracts; Instrumental variables; Sample selection; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45659 |
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| Key, Nigel D.; McBride, William D.. |
| The costs and benefits of policies designed to regulate the use of production contracts will depend in part on the impact of these contracts on farm productivity. In this paper we measure the impact of contracting on 1) partial and total factor productivity and 2) the production technology for 479 US hog operations. A sample selection model accounts for the fact that unobservable variables may be correlated with both the decision to contract and farm productivity. Results also identify determinants of farmers' decisions to contract and factors influencing farm productivity. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20721 |
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| Roberts, Michael J.; O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Key, Nigel D.. |
| We use administrative data from the Federal crop insurance program to examine how yield distributions change as farmers cycle into and out of the program. We are able to do this by linking many years of crop insurance data by individual farm conditioning observed yields on the particular county and year in which they are observed. Armed with millions of observations, we examine many states and five major crops: corn, soybeans, wheat, rice and cotton. We find little evidence that yield distributions are affected by insurance. An exception is rice in Arkansas, where insurance shifts the distribution markedly downward. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9828 |
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| O'Donoghue, Erik J.; Key, Nigel D.; Roberts, Michael J.. |
| We use a large increase in Federal crop insurance subsidies as a natural experiment to identify the impact of risk on acreage and diversification decisions. Subsidy increases induced greater crop insurance coverage, which reduced farmers' financial risks. Did this change in the risk environment alter production decisions? We merged crop insurance participation data with farm-level Agricultural Census data from 1992 and 1997 to examine how harvested acreage and diversification changed in response to the policy-induced change in insurance coverage. The difference in differences empirical approach controls for unobservable heterogeneity and our results are robust across multiple definitions of our key variables and various fixed effects. We find that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19397 |
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| Registros recuperados: 50 | |
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